Thanos is an open-source, CNCF Sandbox project that extends Prometheus for global-scale, highly available monitoring. It is designed to perform queries over terabytes of data within human-friendly response times. This document outlines various strategies and techniques for optimizing Thanos performance.
Strategies for Optimizing Thanos Performance
The following strategies can help improve Thanos performance:
- Code Optimization: Thanos’ code should follow specific patterns to optimize performance on critical code paths. However, it is essential to measure the results to ensure optimization makes sense. Coding Style Guide
- Binary Index Header: Implementing a binary index header in the Store Gateway significantly reduces resource consumption for startup, data loading, and baseline memory usage. This feature is currently experimental and can be enabled with the
experimental.enable-index-headerflag. Binary Index Header - Query Execution Observability: Adding query execution observability to the Thanos PromQL engine can help identify bottlenecks and optimize performance. Thanos Blog Space
- Downsampling: Support downsampling for /series queries to reduce resource consumption. Changelog
- Shared Cache: Use a shared cache like Memcached for the Query Frontend to improve performance. Changelog
- Debug Mode: Improve debuggability with debug mode in Thanos UI and off-CPU profiles. Changelog
- Sidecar Latency and CPU Usage: Optimize sidecar latency and CPU usage for metrics fetches. Changelog
- Thanos Ruler and Prometheus Rules: Integrate Thanos Ruler with Prometheus Rules for better performance. Thanos Blog Space
- Distributed Query Execution: Implement distributed query execution for improved performance. Proposal
- Vertical Query Sharding: Implement vertical query sharding for better resource utilization. Proposal
Code Snippets
The following code snippets demonstrate specific optimizations in Thanos:
- pkg/dedup/iter_test.go: Deduplication of time series data
- pkg/store/bucket_test.go: Bucket storage and retrieval
- pkg/query/query_bench_test.go: Query performance benchmarks
- pkg/block/fetcher_test.go: Block data fetching
- pkg/compact/compact_test.go: Compaction of time series data
- pkg/store/lazy_postings.go: Lazy loading of postings lists
- pkg/store/proxy_test.go: Store proxy for querying
- pkg/store/tsdb_test.go: Time series database storage and retrieval
- pkg/receive/writer_test.go: Receiving and writing time series data
- pkg/cache/groupcache_test.go: Groupcache for caching
- pkg/store/storepb/rpc.pb.go: Store RPC definitions
- pkg/store/storepb/custom_test.go: Custom store RPC implementations
- pkg/compact/planner.go: Compaction planning
