# Missing Authorization (CWE-862)

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

**Stack:** Go

- Prevalence: 高 频繁被利用
- Impact: 高 3 条严重级别为高的规则
- Prevention: 已记录 3 个修复示例

**OWASP:** Broken Access Control (A01:2021-Broken Access Control) - #1

## Description

Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource. When authorization checks are completely missing, any authenticated user can access protected resources.

## Prevention

基于 1 条 Shoulder 检测规则的 Missing Authorization 预防策略。

### Go

Require human approval for sensitive operations and limit agent loop iterations

## Warning Signs

- [HIGH] Excessive LLM agency detected: ...
- [HIGH] LLM implementations with excessive autonomy allowing destructive operations without human approval

## Consequences

- 读取应用程序数据
- 修改应用程序数据
- 获取权限

## Mitigations

- 对所有受保护资源实施授权检查
- 使用集中式的授权机制
- 遵循默认拒绝(deny by default)的原则

## Detection

- Total rules: 3
- Languages: go, javascript, typescript, python

## Rules by Language

### Go (1 rules)

- **LLM Excessive Agency** [HIGH]: Detects LLM implementations with excessive autonomy allowing destructive operations without human approval.
  - Remediation: Require human approval for sensitive operations and add iteration limits.

```go
if sensitiveOperations[toolName] {
    queueForApproval(toolCall)
}
```

Learn more: https://shoulder.dev/learn/go/cwe-862/llm-excessive-agency