# Direct Request ('Forced Browsing') (CWE-425)

The web application does not adequately enforce appropriate authorization on all restricted URLs, scripts, or files.

- Prevalence: 高 频繁被利用
- Impact: 高 1 条严重级别为高的规则
- Prevention: 已记录 1 个修复示例

**OWASP:** Broken Access Control (A01:2021-Broken Access Control) - #1

## Description

Attackers can directly access URLs that should be protected by authentication or authorization. This often occurs when access controls are only enforced on the main navigation but not on direct URL access.

## Prevention

### Python

Add authentication and admin-role checks to all administrative endpoints

## Warning Signs

- [HIGH] administrative endpoints (admin, debug, internal, system) that lack
proper authentication or authori

## Consequences

- 读取应用程序数据
- 修改应用程序数据
- 获取权限

## Mitigations

- 对所有受保护资源在服务器端实施访问控制检查
- 不要仅依赖客户端的访问控制
- 使用集中式的授权机制

## Detection

- Total rules: 1
- Languages: python

## Rules by Language

### Python (1 rules)

- **Exposed Administrative Endpoint** [HIGH]: Detects administrative endpoints (admin, debug, internal, system) that lack
proper authentication or authorization checks. These endpoints should require
admin privileges and be protected from public access.
  - Remediation: Add authentication decorator to admin endpoints.

```python
from flask_login import login_required, current_user
from functools import wraps

def admin_required(f):
    @wraps(f)
    @login_required
    def decorated(*args, **kwargs):
        if not current_user.is_admin:
            abort(403)
        return f(*args, **kwargs)
    return decorated

@app.route('/admin/users')
@admin_required
def admin_users():
    return jsonify(get_users())
```

Learn more: https://shoulder.dev/learn/python/cwe-425/exposed-admin-endpoint