# Improper Certificate Validation (CWE-295)

The product does not validate, or incorrectly validates, a certificate.

**Stack:** Go

- Prevalence: 中 覆盖 3 种语言
- Impact: 高 4 条严重级别为高的规则
- Prevention: 已记录 4 个修复示例

**OWASP:** Identification and Authentication Failures (A07:2021-Identification and Authentication Failures) - #7

## Description

When a certificate is invalid or malicious, it might allow an attacker to spoof a trusted entity by interfering in the communication path between the host and client.

## Prevention

基于 1 条 Shoulder 检测规则的 Improper Certificate Validation 预防策略。

### Go

Use TLS 1.2+ minimum version and always verify certificates

## Warning Signs

- [HIGH] TLS configuration disables security features or uses weak settings

## Consequences

- 绕过保护机制
- 读取应用程序数据
- 修改应用程序数据

## Mitigations

- 对证书进行细致管理并检查,以确保其仍然有效
- 如果使用证书固定 (pinning),请确保实现正确
- 正确使用 SSL/TLS 客户端证书验证

## Detection

- Total rules: 4
- Languages: go, javascript, typescript, python

## Rules by Language

### Go (1 rules)

- **Insecure TLS/SSL Configuration** [HIGH]: TLS config uses InsecureSkipVerify, weak TLS version, or deprecated ciphers.
  - Remediation: Set MinVersion to TLS 1.2+ and never skip certificate verification.

```go
tlsConfig := &tls.Config{
    MinVersion:         tls.VersionTLS12,
    InsecureSkipVerify: false, // Always verify certificates
}
```

Learn more: https://shoulder.dev/learn/go/cwe-295/insecure-tls-config