# Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Data Query Logic (CWE-943)

The product generates a query intended to access or manipulate data in a data store, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that can modify the intended logic of the query.

**Stack:** Python

- Prevalence: High Frequently exploited
- Impact: High 3 high-severity rules
- Prevention: Documented 3 fix examples

**OWASP:** Injection (A03:2021-Injection) - #3

## Description

This covers injection attacks against NoSQL databases, ORM frameworks, and other data query mechanisms that differ from traditional SQL injection.

## Prevention

Prevention strategies for NoSQL Injection based on 1 Shoulder detection rules.

### Python

Validate input types and use ObjectId for ID fields

## Warning Signs

- [HIGH] untrusted user input being used in NoSQL queries without proper
validation

## Consequences

- Read Application Data
- Modify Application Data
- Bypass Protection Mechanism

## Mitigations

- Use parameterized queries for all data stores
- Validate and sanitize input before use in queries
- Apply principle of least privilege to database accounts

## Detection

- Total rules: 3
- Languages: go, javascript, typescript, python

## Rules by Language

### Python (1 rules)

- **NoSQL Injection** [HIGH]: Detects untrusted user input being used in NoSQL queries without proper
validation.
  - Remediation: Validate and type-check user input before using in queries.

```python
from bson import ObjectId
object_id = ObjectId(user_id)  # Validates format
```

Learn more: https://shoulder.dev/learn/python/cwe-943/nosql-injection