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Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an LDAP Query ('LDAP Injection')

🛡️ 3 rules detect this

Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an LDAP Query ('LDAP Injection')

The product constructs all or part of an LDAP query using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended LDAP query.

If user input is incorporated into an LDAP query without proper sanitization, an attacker can inject LDAP commands that could read or modify sensitive directory information.

Prevalence
High
Frequently exploited
Impact
High
3 high-severity rules
Prevention
Documented
3 fix examples
2 Prevention
2 Prevention

How to fix this vulnerability

Prevention strategies for LDAP Injection based on 3 Shoulder detection rules.

LDAP Injection HIGH

Use ldap.EscapeFilter to sanitize user input in LDAP queries

+3 -2 go
  package main
  
  import (
      "fmt"
      "net/http"
      "github.com/go-ldap/ldap/v3"
  )
  
  func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
      username := r.FormValue("username")
-     // Vulnerable: user input in LDAP filter
-     filter := fmt.Sprintf("(&(uid=%s)(objectClass=person))", username)
+     // Safe: escape special LDAP filter characters
+     escaped := ldap.EscapeFilter(username)
+     filter := fmt.Sprintf("(&(uid=%s)(objectClass=person))", escaped)
      searchRequest := ldap.NewSearchRequest(
          "dc=example,dc=com",
          ldap.ScopeWholeSubtree, ldap.NeverDerefAliases,
          0, 0, false, filter, []string{"dn", "cn"}, nil,
      )
      result, _ := conn.Search(searchRequest)
  }
  
LDAP Injection HIGH

Escape LDAP special characters in user input before constructing LDAP queries

+7 -2 javascript
  const express = require('express');
  const ldap = require('ldapjs');
  const app = express();
  
- app.post('/login', (req, res) => {
-   const username = req.body.username;
+ function escapeLDAP(str) {
+   return str.replace(/[\\*()\\x00]/g, c =>
+     '\\' + c.charCodeAt(0).toString(16).padStart(2, '0'));
+ }
+ 
+ app.post('/login', (req, res) => {
+   const username = escapeLDAP(req.body.username);
    const filter = `(&(uid=${username})(objectClass=person))`;
    client.search('dc=example,dc=com', { filter }, (err, result) => {
      res.json(result);
    });
  });
  
LDAP Injection HIGH

Escape LDAP special characters using escape_filter_chars() before constructing filters

+9 -7 python
  import ldap
- from flask import request
- 
- @app.route('/search')
- def search():
-     username = request.args.get('username')
-     conn = ldap.initialize('ldap://localhost')
-     filter_str = f"(uid={username})"
+ from ldap.filter import escape_filter_chars
+ from flask import request
+ 
+ @app.route('/search')
+ def search():
+     username = request.args.get('username', '')
+     safe_username = escape_filter_chars(username)
+     conn = ldap.initialize('ldap://localhost')
+     filter_str = f"(uid={safe_username})"
      results = conn.search_s('dc=example,dc=com', ldap.SCOPE_SUBTREE, filter_str)
      return str(results)
  
3 Detection
3 Detection

Find vulnerabilities in your code

Use Shoulder to scan your codebase for Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an LDAP Query ('LDAP Injection') patterns. 3 rules.

terminal
# Scan with Shoulder CLI
npx @shoulderdev/cli trust --cwe=90

# Or scan entire project
npx @shoulderdev/cli trust .
4 Warning Signs
4 Warning Signs

What to watch for in code reviews

These patterns indicate potential Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an LDAP Query ('LDAP Injection') vulnerabilities. Look for these during code reviews and security audits.

🟠
user input flowing to LDAP queries without proper escaping go-ldap-injection
🟠
LDAP queries constructed with unsanitized user input python-ldap-injection
🔍

Scan your codebase for Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an LDAP Query ('LDAP Injection')

Shoulder CLI finds vulnerable patterns across your entire codebase.