# Execution with Unnecessary Privileges (CWE-250)

The product performs an operation at a privilege level that is higher than the minimum level required, which creates new weaknesses or amplifies the consequences of other weaknesses.

**Stack:** Docker

- Prevalence: Wysoka Często wykorzystywana
- Impact: Krytyczny 3 reguł o krytycznym poziomie
- Prevention: Udokumentowane 10 przykładów poprawek

**OWASP:** Broken Access Control (A01:2021-Broken Access Control) - #1

## Description

New weaknesses can be exposed because running with extra privileges gives the product access to resources that are not necessary. In addition, if an attacker can trigger the operation with the higher privileges, the attacker might gain root or administrator privileges.

## Prevention

### Docker

Add a USER instruction before CMD/ENTRYPOINT to run as non-root

Use a non-root user and restrictive file permissions instead of USER root or chmod 777

## Warning Signs

- [HIGH] No USER instruction before CMD/ENTRYPOINT - container runs as root
- [HIGH] CMD or ENTRYPOINT without a preceding USER instruction
- [HIGH] Dockerfile contains ...: ...
- [HIGH] explicit root user and overly permissive chmod 777 permissions

## Consequences

- Uzyskanie uprawnień
- Wykonanie nieautoryzowanego kodu
- Odczyt danych aplikacji
- Modyfikacja danych aplikacji

## Mitigations

- Uruchamiaj kod z najniższymi uprawnieniami wymaganymi do wykonania niezbędnych zadań
- Określ minimalne uprawnienia wymagane przez komponent i przyznaj tylko te uprawnienia
- Rozważ zastosowanie modelu uprawnień Just-In-Time (JIT)

## Detection

- Total rules: 10
- Critical: 3
- Languages: dockerfile, yaml

## Rules by Language

### Dockerfile (2 rules)

- **Container runs as root** [HIGH]: Detects CMD or ENTRYPOINT without a preceding USER instruction.
The container will run as root, which is a security risk.
  - Remediation: Add a USER instruction before CMD/ENTRYPOINT to run as a non-root user.

```dockerfile
USER appuser
CMD ["node", "server.js"]
```

Learn more: https://shoulder.dev/learn/docker/cwe-250/missing-user
- **Docker User and File Permissions** [HIGH]: Detects explicit root user and overly permissive chmod 777 permissions.
  - Remediation: Use a non-root user and restrictive file permissions.

```dockerfile
RUN adduser -D appuser
USER appuser
```

Learn more: https://shoulder.dev/learn/docker/cwe-250/user-permissions