# Authorization Bypass Through User-Controlled Key (CWE-639)

The system's authorization functionality does not prevent one user from gaining access to another user's data or record by modifying the key value identifying the data.

**Stack:** Python

- Prevalence: 높음 자주 악용됨
- Impact: 치명적 1개의 치명적 심각도 규칙
- Prevention: 문서화됨 8개의 수정 예시

**OWASP:** Broken Access Control (A01:2021-Broken Access Control) - #1

## Description

Retrieval of a user record usually occurs in the system based on some key value. When a value that is directly specified by the user is used to look up that record, the key value can be modified to access records belonging to other users.

## Prevention

2개의 Shoulder 탐지 규칙을 기반으로 한 Authorization Bypass via User Key 예방 전략.

### Python

Include the authenticated user as a filter condition in all ORM queries that use user-supplied IDs

Verify resource ownership before returning data accessed by user-supplied identifiers

## Warning Signs

- [HIGH] database object access using user-provided IDs without ownership
verification
- [MEDIUM] route parameters flowing to generic data access without visible
ownership verification

## Consequences

- 애플리케이션 데이터 읽기
- 애플리케이션 데이터 수정
- 권한 획득

## Mitigations

- 데이터베이스 키를 직접 노출하지 말고 간접 참조(매핑)를 사용하세요
- 현재 사용자가 요청한 리소스에 접근할 권한이 있는지 검증하세요
- 모든 요청마다 적절한 접근 제어 검사를 구현하세요

## Detection

- Total rules: 8
- Critical: 1
- Languages: go, javascript, typescript, python

## Rules by Language

### Python (2 rules)

- **Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR)** [HIGH]: Detects database object access using user-provided IDs without ownership
verification.
  - Remediation: Filter queries by both object ID and current user.

```python
document = Document.objects.get(id=doc_id, owner=request.user)
```

Learn more: https://shoulder.dev/learn/python/cwe-639/idor
- **Potential IDOR - Generic Data Access** [MEDIUM]: Detects route parameters flowing to generic data access without visible
ownership verification.
  - Remediation: Verify ownership before returning data.

```python
if order['user_id'] != current_user.id:
    return jsonify({'error': 'Forbidden'}), 403
```

Learn more: https://shoulder.dev/learn/python/cwe-639/idor-generic