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#1 A01:2025

Broken Access Control

Access control enforces policy such that users cannot act outside of their intended permissions. Failures typically lead to unauthorized information disclosure, modification, or destruction of data. Now includes SSRF.

概要

Maintains its position at #1 as the most critical web application security risk. 3.73% of applications tested had one or more of the 40 CWEs mapped to this category. Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) has been consolidated into this category, reflecting the impact SSRF has on access controls.

攻撃者がこれを悪用する方法

攻撃パターンを理解することで、より優れた防御を構築できます。これらはセキュリティチームが監視する技術です。

Parameter tampering

An attacker modifies URL parameters or hidden form fields to access unauthorized resources. For example, changing an account number in a URL to view another user's data.

検出シグナル: Requests with sequential IDs being tested, or parameters being modified in unexpected ways

Forced browsing

An attacker accesses pages that should require authentication by directly entering the URL, bypassing the intended navigation flow.

検出シグナル: Direct requests to admin or privileged URLs without proper session tokens

Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)

The server is manipulated to make requests to internal services or cloud metadata endpoints, bypassing network access controls.

検出シグナル: Requests to internal IP ranges, localhost, or cloud metadata endpoints (169.254.169.254)

予防方法

  • Except for public resources, deny by default
  • Implement access control mechanisms once and reuse throughout the application
  • Model access controls should enforce record ownership
  • Disable web server directory listing and ensure metadata files are not present
  • Log access control failures and alert admins when appropriate
  • Rate limit API and controller access to minimize automated attack tooling
  • Invalidate stateful session identifiers on logout
  • Validate and sanitize user-supplied URLs before server-side requests

Shoulder検出付きCWE (13)

これらのCWEにはShoulder検出ルールがあります。クリックして特定の脆弱性と修正を確認してください。

その他のマップされたCWE (22)

これらのCWEはこのカテゴリにマップされていますが、まだShoulderルールがありません。