# Missing Authorization (CWE-862)

The product does not perform an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action.

**Stack:** Python

- Prevalence: 高 頻繁に悪用される
- Impact: ハイ 3 件の重大度ハイのルール
- Prevention: 文書化済み 3 件の修正例

**OWASP:** Broken Access Control (A01:2021-Broken Access Control) - #1

## Description

Assuming a user with a given identity, authorization is the process of determining whether that user can access a given resource. When authorization checks are completely missing, any authenticated user can access protected resources.

## Prevention

1 件の Shoulder 検出ルールに基づく Missing Authorization の予防策。

### Python

Require human approval for sensitive operations and limit agent loop iterations

## Warning Signs

- [HIGH] Excessive LLM agency detected: ...
- [HIGH] LLM implementations with excessive autonomy that can lead to unintended
consequences

## Consequences

- アプリケーションデータの読み取り
- アプリケーションデータの変更
- 権限の取得

## Mitigations

- 保護されたすべてのリソースに対して認可チェックを実装する
- 認可は集中管理された仕組みを使用する
- デフォルト拒否の原則に従う

## Detection

- Total rules: 3
- Languages: go, javascript, typescript, python

## Rules by Language

### Python (1 rules)

- **LLM Excessive Agency** [HIGH]: Detects LLM implementations with excessive autonomy that can lead to unintended
consequences. OWASP LLM08 - Excessive Agency.

Excessive agency occurs when LLMs are granted:
- Ability to perform destructive operations without confirmation
- Auto-execution of LLM-generated code or commands
- Direct database modifications without approval
- Financial transactions without human oversight
  - Remediation: Require human approval for sensitive operations and set iteration limits.

```python
SENSITIVE_OPERATIONS = {'delete_record', 'send_email', 'process_payment'}
MAX_ITERATIONS = 10

for tool_call in response.choices[0].message.tool_calls:
    if tool_call.function.name in SENSITIVE_OPERATIONS:
        await queue_for_approval(tool_call)
    else:
        await execute_safe_tool_call(tool_call)
```

Learn more: https://shoulder.dev/learn/python/cwe-862/llm-excessive-agency