Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information (CWE-209)

Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information

The product generates an error message that includes sensitive information about its environment, users, or associated data.

The sensitive information may be valuable information on its own, or it may be useful for launching other, more serious attacks. The error message may be created in different ways, and the information that is included can range widely.

普及度

中

3 言語をカバー

影響度

ミディアム

レビュー推奨

予防

文書化済み

5 件の修正例

2 予防

この脆弱性の修正方法

5 件の Shoulder 検出ルールに基づく Error Message Information Leak の予防策。

🐹 Go すべて表示 Go 詳細 →

Database Error Information Exposure in HTTP Response MEDIUM

Return generic error messages to clients; log detailed errors server-side

+2 -1 go

  func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
      rows, err := db.Query("SELECT * FROM users")
      if err != nil {
-         http.Error(w, err.Error(), 500)
+         log.Printf("database query failed: %v", err)
+         http.Error(w, "Internal server error", 500)
          return
      }
  }

🟨 JavaScript すべて表示 JavaScript 詳細 →

Information Exposure Through Error Messages MEDIUM

Return generic error messages to users and log detailed errors server-side

+2 -1 javascript

  } catch (error) {
-   res.status(500).json({ error: error.message, stack: error.stack });
+   logger.error('Operation failed', { error: error.message });
+   res.status(500).json({ error: 'An error occurred' });
  }

tRPC Error Information Disclosure MEDIUM

Configure errorFormatter to strip stack traces in production and use TRPCError with generic messages

+26 -14 javascript

- import { initTRPC } from '@trpc/server';
- import { router, publicProcedure } from './trpc';
- 
- export const t = initTRPC.context<Context>().create({
-   // No errorFormatter configured
- });
- 
- export const userRouter = router({
-   createUser: publicProcedure
-     .mutation(async ({ input }) => {
-       try {
-         return await db.user.create({ data: input });
-       } catch (err) {
-         throw err; // Raw database error exposed to client
+ import { initTRPC, TRPCError } from '@trpc/server';
+ 
+ export const t = initTRPC.context<Context>().create({
+   errorFormatter({ shape }) {
+     return {
+       ...shape,
+       data: {
+         ...shape.data,
+         stack: process.env.NODE_ENV === 'production'
+           ? undefined
+           : shape.data.stack,
+       },
+     };
+   },
+ });
+ 
+ export const userRouter = router({
+   createUser: publicProcedure
+     .mutation(async ({ input }) => {
+       try {
+         return await db.user.create({ data: input });
+       } catch (err) {
+         throw new TRPCError({
+           code: 'INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR',
+           message: 'Failed to create user',
+         });
        }
      })
  });

🐍 Python すべて表示 Python 詳細 →

Error Message Information Disclosure MEDIUM

Log full exception details internally but return generic error messages to users

+13 -9 python

- from flask import jsonify
- 
- @app.route('/api/process')
- def process():
-     try:
-         result = expensive_operation()
-         return jsonify(result)
-     except Exception as e:
-         return jsonify({'error': str(e)}), 500
+ import logging
+ from flask import jsonify
+ 
+ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+ 
+ @app.route('/api/process')
+ def process():
+     try:
+         result = expensive_operation()
+         return jsonify(result)
+     except Exception as e:
+         logger.error(f"Processing failed: {e}", exc_info=True)
+         return jsonify({'error': 'Internal server error'}), 500

Internal Path and IP Address Disclosure MEDIUM

Return generic responses; log internal paths server-side only

+9 -9 python

- from flask import jsonify
- 
- @app.route('/info')
- def get_info():
-     return jsonify({
-         'status': 'ok',
-         'path': __file__,
-         'cwd': os.getcwd()
-     })
+ import logging
+ from flask import jsonify
+ 
+ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+ 
+ @app.route('/info')
+ def get_info():
+     logger.info(f"Info request from {__file__}")
+     return jsonify({'status': 'ok', 'version': '1.0'})

3 検出

コードの脆弱性を見つける

Shoulderを使用してコードのGeneration of Error Message Containing Sensitive Informationパターンをスキャンしましょう。 5 ルール.

ターミナル

# Scan with Shoulder CLI
npx @shoulderdev/cli trust --cwe=209

# Or scan entire project
npx @shoulderdev/cli trust .

検出ルール (5)

🟨 Javascript 2 rules

Information Exposure Through Error Messages MEDIUM

Detects exposure of sensitive error information (error.message, error.stack, raw error objects) in HTTP responses. This can leak: - Internal file paths and directory structure - Database schema and query details - Third-party API endpoints and credentials - Software versions and technology stack - Business logic and validation rules Attackers use this information to: - Map internal architecture - Identify vulnerable dependencies - Craft targeted attacks - Bypass security controls

tRPC Error Information Disclosure MEDIUM

Exposing raw errors, stack traces, or database details to clients aids attackers in reconnaissance and exploitation.

🔷 Typescript 2 rules

Information Exposure Through Error Messages MEDIUM

tRPC Error Information Disclosure MEDIUM

Exposing raw errors, stack traces, or database details to clients aids attackers in reconnaissance and exploitation.

🐍 Python 2 rules

Error Message Information Disclosure MEDIUM

Detects error messages that expose sensitive implementation details like stack traces, database errors, file paths, or internal system information. This information can help attackers understand the system architecture.

Internal Path and IP Address Disclosure MEDIUM

Detects responses that include internal file paths, IP addresses, or system information. This information helps attackers understand the system architecture, file structure, and internal network topology.

🐹 Go 1 rules

Database Error Information Exposure in HTTP Response MEDIUM

Internal error messages or stack traces exposed to users in HTTP responses.

4 警告サイン

コードレビューで注目すべき点

これらのパターンはGeneration of Error Message Containing Sensitive Informationの潜在的な脆弱性を示しています。コードレビューとセキュリティ監査中に探してください。

🟡

exposure of sensitive error information (error javascript-error-message-exposure

🟡

error messages that expose sensitive implementation details like stack traces, database errors, file python-error-message-exposure

🟡

responses that include internal file paths, IP addresses, or system information python-internal-path-disclosure

🟡

Error handling exposes implementation details. Use error formatter to sanitize errors in production. trpc-error-information-leak

🔍

コードベースをスキャン: Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information

Shoulder CLI はコードベース全体から脆弱なパターンを見つけます。

npx shoulder trust すべてのルールを表示